Elements of Machine Design-03

  1. Fundamentals of design
  2. Design of joints, levers and offset links
  3. Design of shafts, keys and couplings
  4. Design of power screws
  5. Design of springs
  6. Design of bolted and welded joints
  7. Selection of anti-friction bearings and gears

Fundamentals of machine design

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1   Tensile strength of a material is obtained by dividing the maximum load during the test by the
    (A)   Area at the time of fracture
    (B)   Original cross-sectional area
    (C)   Average of A and B
    (D)   Minimum area after fracture
2   In a tensile test on mild steel specimen, the breaking stress as compared to ultimate tensile stress is
    (A)   More
    (B)   Less
    (C)   Same
    (D)   More/less depending on composition
3   At yield point of a test piece, the material _______
    (A)   Behaves in an elastic manner
    (B)   Obeys Hooke’s law
    (C)   Regains its original shape on removal of load
    (D)   Undergoes plastic deformation
4   Which machine is used to plot the stress-strain diagram?
    (A)   Impact testing machine
    (B)   Universal testing machine
    (C)   Rockwell tester
    (D)   Brinell tester
5   Cast iron is characterized by minimum of following percentage of carbon
    (A)   0.20%
    (B)   0.80%
    (C)   1.30%
    (D)   2%
6   The purpose of heat treatment is to
    (A)   Relieve the stresses set up in the material after hot or cold working
    (B)   Modify the structure of the material
    (C)   Change grain size
    (D)   Any one of these
7   Wrought iron is
    (A)   Hard
    (B)   High in strength
    (C)   Highly resistant to corrosion
    (D)   Heat treated to change its properties
8   Amorphous material is one
    (A)   In which atoms align themselves in a geometric pattern upon solidification
    (B)   In which there is no definite atomic structure and atoms exist in a random pattern just as in a liquid
    (C)   Which is not attacked by phosphorous
    (D)   Which emits fumes on melting
9   Body centered cubic space lattice is found in
    (A)   Zinc, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, antimony and bismuth
    (B)   Gamma iron, aluminium, copper, lead, silver and nickel
    (C)   Alpha iron, tungsten, chromium and molybdenum
    (D)   None of the above
10   The alloy, mainly used for corrosion resistance in stainless steels is
    (A)   Silicon
    (B)   Manganese
    (C)   Carbon
    (D)   Chromium
11   Which of the following iron exist between 910 deg C and 1403 deg C?
    (A)   α-iron
    (B)   β-iron
    (C)   γ-iron
    (D)   δ-iron
12   The compressive strength of cast iron is __________that of its tensile strength.
    (A)   Equal to
    (B)   Less than
    (C)   More than
    (D)   None of these
13   Blast furnace produces following by reduction of iron ore
    (A)   Cast iron
    (B)   Pig iron
    (C)   Wrought iron
    (D)   Malleable iron
14   The unique property of cast iron is its high
    (A)   Malleability
    (B)   Ductility
    (C)   Surface finish
    (D)   Damping characteristics
15   The component deforming progressively under load at high temperatures is called as
    (A)   Resilience
    (B)   Creep
    (C)   Fatigue
    (D)   All of the above
16   Iron base alloys have melting point around __________
    (A)   900 deg C
    (B)   1500 deg C
    (C)   1900 deg C
    (D)   2400 deg C
17   Which of the following is a slow rise of plastic deformation under the action of shear stresses when it is below the yield strength of the material?
    (A)   Brittle fracture
    (B)   Ductile fracture
    (C)   Creep
    (D)   Fatigue
18   Transient creep stage, steady stage creep stage and fracture stage are the three stages of creep called as primary, secondary and tertiary creep respectively. Creep rate in tertiary stage __________.
    (A)   Decreases
    (B)   Constant
    (C)   Increases
    (D)   None
19   In which of the following stages do the deformation rate increases and causes failure?
    (A)   Transient creep stage
    (B)   Constant creep stage
    (C)   Fracture stage
    (D)   Steady stage creep stage
20   Time dependent yield is known as
    (A)   Fracture
    (B)   Fatigue
    (C)   Buckling
    (D)   Creep
21   Creep is the
    (A)   Longitudinal movement of rail
    (B)   Lateral movement of rail
    (C)   Vertical movement of rail
    (D)   Difference in level of two rails
22   The correct sequence of creep deformation in a creep curve in order of their elongation is
    (A)   Steady state, transient, accelerated
    (B)   Transient, steady state, accelerated
    (C)   Transient, accelerated, steady state
    (D)   Accelerated, steady state, transient
23   In which of the following cases, consideration of creep is important
    (A)   Flywheel of steam engine
    (B)   Cast iron pipes
    (C)   Cycle chains
    (D)   Gas turbine blades
24   _______ is known as steady-state creep.
    (A)   Primary creep
    (B)   Secondary creep
    (C)   Tertiary creep
    (D)   Quaternary creep
25   Explanation: Creep occurs in three stages known as primary, secondary, and tertiary creep. Secondary creep is also known as steady-state creep since the rate of work and recoveries are equal.
    (A)   Stress induced on contact area between cotter and socket collar is ______
    (B)   Tensile stress
    (C)   Direct shear stress
    (D)   Crushing stress
26   What are the units for section modulus?
    (A)   m2
    (B)   m4
    (C)   m3
    (D)   m
27   The statement: stress is proportional to strain, i.e., the Hooke’s law holds good upto
    (A)   Elastic Limit
    (B)   Proportional Limit
    (C)   Plastic Limit
    (D)   Yield point
28   The limit beyond which the material does not behave elastically is known as
    (A)   Proportional limit
    (B)   Elastic limit
    (C)   Plastic limit
    (D)   Yield Point
29   E/R = M/I = f/y is a bending equation.
    (A)   TRUE
    (B)   FALSE
30   What is bearing pressure?
    (A)   Compressive force acting on the contact area between two components having relative motion between them
    (B)   Tensile stress acting on the contact area between two components having relative motion between them
    (C)   Compressive force acting on the contact area between two components having no relative motion between them
    (D)   Compressive stress acting on the contact area between two components having relative motion between them
31   For controlling the rotation through more than 360 degrees, we use
    (A)   Knob
    (B)   Selector
    (C)   Crank
    (D)   Wheel
32   The state of the worker by which the capacity and willingness for doing work is reduced is called
    (A)   Stress
    (B)   Fatigue
    (C)   Creep
    (D)   None of the above
33   Which of the following affects the worker’s body position?
    (A)   chair
    (B)   desk
    (C)   computer
    (D)   all of the above
34   The height of letter or number on indicators should be equal to or more than
    (A)   Reading distance/10
    (B)   Reading distance/20
    (C)   Reading distance/100
    (D)   Reading distance/200
35   Qualitative display or signal is used to indicate
    (A)   Only condition or state
    (B)   Measurement or numerical information
    (C)   Both of the above
    (D)   None of the above
36   Neutral position is:
    (A)   The position that places the least amount of stress on the body
    (B)   The most difficult position for the body to hold
    (C)   A safe position that protects only the back
    (D)   The only position you can work in
37   Standardization deals with the characteristics of product that include
    (A)   dimensions of machine elements
    (B)   method of testing the product
    (C)   composition and properties of engineering materials
    (D)   All the three
38   What does AISI steel stand for?
    (A)   American-Indian Steel Institute
    (B)   American-Indian Society of Iron
    (C)   American Iron and Steel Institute
    (D)   Alloys, Iron and Steel Institute
39   A large amount of Sulphur is present in the steel.
    (A)   TRUE
    (B)   FALSE
40   Standard followed in Germany are known as
    (A)   ASTM standards
    (B)   DIN standards
    (C)   ISI standards
    (D)   GOST standards
41   The standards followed in Russia are known as
    (A)   JIS standards
    (B)   AFNOR standards
    (C)   TASS standards
    (D)   GOST standards
42   For standardization of steel, the series used in British standards is known as
    (A)   A series
    (B)   AB series
    (C)   S series
    (D)   En-series
43   The types of standards used in design office are
    (A)   standards prepared by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
    (B)   standards prepared by International Standards Organization (ISO)
    (C)   standards prepared by professional bodies like American Gear Manufacturing Association (AGMA)
    (D)   all of the above
44   In free cutting steels, important alloying element is
    (A)   nickel
    (B)   chromium
    (C)   Sulphur
    (D)   tungsten
45   A cast iron designated by BM350 is,
    (A)   blackheart malleable cast iron with carbon content of 3.5%
    (B)   blackheart malleable cast iron with ultimate tensile strength of 350 N/mm2
    (C)   blackheart malleable cast iron with ultimate compressive strength of 350 N/mm2
    (D)   blackheart malleable cast iron with tensile yield strength of 350 N/mm2
46   The criterion of failure for machine parts subjected to fluctuating stresses is
    (A)   ultimate tensile strength
    (B)   yield strength
    (C)   endurance limit
    (D)   modulus of elasticity
47   Rivets are generally specified by
    (A)   Thickness of plates to be riveted
    (B)   Length of rivet
    (C)   Diameter of head
    (D)   Nominal diameter
48   Rivet in a riveted joint fails by
    (A)   Tearing
    (B)   Shearing
    (C)   Bending
    (D)   None
49   Principal stress is the magnitude of ________ stress acting on the principal plane.
    (A)   Normal stress
    (B)   Shear stress
    (C)   Both a. and b.
    (D)   None of the above
50   Minor principal stress has minimum ________
    (A)   shear stress
    (B)   direct stress
    (C)   both A and B
    (D)   none of the above
51   A principal plane is a plane of
    (A)   Zero tensile stress
    (B)   Zero compressive stress
    (C)   Zero shear stress
    (D)   None
52   A principal plane is a plane of
    (A)   Only normal stress
    (B)   Only shear stress
    (C)   Only bending stress
    (D)   None
53   There are in all
    (A)   Two principal planes
    (B)   Three principal planes
    (C)   Four principal planes
    (D)   None
54   There are in all
    (A)   Two principal stresses
    (B)   Three principal stresses
    (C)   Four principal stresses
    (D)   None
55   Maximum shear stress is
    (A)   Average sum of principal stresses
    (B)   Average difference of principal stresses
    (C)   Average sum as well as difference of principal stresses
    (D)   None
56   The magnitude of maximum shear stress will be
    (A)   ± (1/2) × √[(σx – σy)² + 4 τ²xy]
    (B)   ± (1/2)[ (1/2)√(σx –σy)2 + 4 τ2)]
    (C)   ± (1/2)√ [(1/2)(σx –σy)2 + 4 τ2)]
    (D)   None
57   Principal planes are mutually inclined at
    (A)   45 degrees
    (B)   60 degrees
    (C)   90 degrees
    (D)   180 degrees
58   Principal planes are those planes on which
    (A)   Normal stress is maximum
    (B)   Normal stress is minimum
    (C)   Normal stress is either maximum or minimum
    (D)   Shear stress is maximum
59   In a general two-dimensional stress system, planes of maximum shear stress are inclined at ___ with principal planes.
    (A)   90 degrees
    (B)   180 degrees
    (C)   45 degrees
    (D)   60 degrees
60   In a general two-dimensional stress system, the planes on which shear stress is zero
    (A)   The normal stress is minimum
    (B)   Normal stress is zero
    (C)   Normal stress is either maximum or minimum
    (D)   None of these
61   Angle of obliquity is defined as
    (A)   Angle between the plane on which stresses are evaluated and one of the given planes
    (B)   Angle between resultant stress and the plane of given normal stress
    (C)   Angle between resultant stress and shear stress
    (D)   Angle between resultant stress and normal stress
62   When a body is subjected to biaxial stress i.e. direct stresses (σx) and (σy) in two mutually perpendicular planes accompanied by a simple shear stress (τxy), then maximum normal stress is
    (A)   (σx + σy)/2 + (1/2) × √[(σx – σy)² + 4 τ²xy]
    (B)   (σx + σy)/2 – (1/2) × √[(σx – σy)² + 4 τ²xy]
    (C)   (σx – σy)/2 + (1/2) × √[(σx + σy)² + 4 τ²xy]
    (D)   (σx – σy)/2 – (1/2) × √[(σx + σy)² + 4 τ²xy]
63   Density of water in kg m-3 is
    (A)   1000
    (B)   100
    (C)   10000
    (D)   4000
64   Ergonomics’ is related to human 
    (A)   Comfort 
    (B)   Safety 
    (C)   Both A and B 
    (D)   None of the above 
65   The following subject(s) is (are) related to ‘Ergonomics’ 
    (A)   Anthropology 
    (B)   Physiology 
    (C)   Psychology 
    (D)   All of the above 
66   Ergonomics principle suggests that 
    (A)   Monitoring displays should be placed outside peripheral limitations 
    (B)   Glow-in-the dark dials made of reflective substances are good for viewing in the nights 
    (C)   Visual systems should be preferred over auditory systems in noisy locations
    (D)   All of the above 
67   The following is basic type of dynamic quantitative display 
    (A)   Fixed scale with moving pointer 
    (B)   Fixed pointer with moving scale 
    (C)   Counters displays 
    (D)   All of the above 
68   In designing an efficient workspace, the left hand will cover 
    (A)   Maximum working area 
    (B)   Normal working area 
    (C)   Minimal working area 
    (D)   Any of the above 
69   The most frequently used components are arranged in 
    (A)   Left side 
    (B)   Right side 
    (C)   Central location 
    (D)   Any of the above 
70   The height of the top of the work bench should be __ the height of the elbow of the workmen. 
    (A)   At 
    (B)   Above 
    (C)   Below 
    (D)   Any of the above 
71   For controlling the rotation through more than 360 degrees, we use 
    (A)   Knob 
    (B)   Selector 
    (C)   Crank 
    (D)   Wheel 
72   If natural light is used as the principal means of illumination at workspace, windows area needs to be equal to ___ percent of floor area. 
    (A)   20 
    (B)   30 
    (C)   40 
    (D)   50 
73   Ergonomics principle suggests that
    (A)   monitoring displays should be placed outside peripheral limitations
    (B)   glow-in-the-dark dials made of reflective substances are good for viewing in the nights
    (C)   visual systems should be preferred over auditory systems in noisy locations
    (D)   all of the above
74   The height of the top of the work bench should be __ the height of the elbow of the workmen.
    (A)   at
    (B)   Above
    (C)   Below
    (D)   Any of the above
75   The working area should be illuminated _______ their surroundings.
    (A)   More than
    (B)   Less than
    (C)   Equal to
    (D)   Depends upon type of job performed
76   The people can carry out continuous task without fatigue if the energy requirement for the task is less than ______
    (A)   250Watt
    (B)   500 Watt
    (C)   750Watt
    (D)   1000Watt
77   For longer seating, the most comfort position for the leg is when knee is bent at about ____ degree.
    (A)   25
    (B)   35
    (C)   45
    (D)   55
78   The mouse should be __________________ the keyboard.
    (A)   Higher than
    (B)   Lower than
    (C)   Beneath
    (D)   On the same level as
79   The objective of considering ergonomics in machine design is to ____. 1. decrease physical stresses 2. make user adapt to the machine 3. make machine fit for the user 4. improve appearance of the product
    (A)   only 2
    (B)   3 and 4
    (C)   1 and 3
    (D)   1, 3 and 4
80   The objective of considering ergonomics in machine design is to
    (A)   decrease physical stresses
    (B)   make machine fit for the user
    (C)   Both of these
    (D)   None of these
81   In designing an efficient workspace, the left hand will cover
    (A)   Maximum working area
    (B)   Normal working area
    (C)   Minimal working area
    (D)   Any of the above
82   Ergonomics is related to human
    (A)   Comfort
    (B)   Safety
    (C)   Both A and B
    (D)   None of the above
83   The following subject(s) is (are) related to ‘Ergonomics’
    (A)   Anthropology
    (B)   Physiology
    (C)   Psychology
    (D)   All of the above
84   Ergonomics principle suggests that
    (A)   Monitoring displays should be placed outside peripheral limitations
    (B)   Glow-in-the dark dials made of reflective substances are good for viewing in the nights
    (C)   Visual systems should be preferred over auditory systems in noisy locations
    (D)   All of the above
85   The following is basic type of dynamic quantitative display
    (A)   Fixed scale with moving pointer
    (B)   Fixed pointer with moving scale
    (C)   Counters displays
    (D)   All of the above
86   The most frequently used components are arranged in
    (A)   Left side
    (B)   Right side
    (C)   Central location
    (D)   Any of the above
87   The height of the top of the work bench should be — the height of the elbow of the workmen.
    (A)   At
    (B)   Above
    (C)   Below
    (D)   Any of the above
88   For controlling the rotation through more than 360 degrees, we use
    (A)   Knob
    (B)   Selector
    (C)   Crank
    (D)   Wheel
89   if natural light is used as the principal means of illumination at work space Windows area need to be equal to ——- percent of floor area
    (A)   20
    (B)   30
    (C)   40
    (D)   50
90   ‘Ergonomics’ is related to human
    (A)   Comfort
    (B)   Safety
    (C)   Both ‘a’ and ‘b’
    (D)   None of the above
91   The following subject(s) is (are) related to ‘Ergonomics’
    (A)   Anthropometry
    (B)   Physiology
    (C)   Psychology
    (D)   All of the above
92   The basic definition of Ergonomics is?
    (A)   Using relaxed posture
    (B)   Fitting the employee to the workstation
    (C)   Fitting the workstation to the employee
    (D)   Either B or C
93   Ergonomics deals with
    (A)   Design of controls
    (B)   Design of displays
    (C)   Energy expenditure in hand and foot
    (D)   All the three
94   Which design consideration deals with the appearance of the product?
    (A)   Ergonomics
    (B)   Aesthetics
    (C)   System design
    (D)   Creative design
95   Which design consideration deals with appearance of the product?
    (A)   Ergonomics
    (B)   Aesthetics
    (C)   System design
    (D)   Creative design
96   Which design consideration deals with appearance of the product?
    (A)   Ergonomics
    (B)   Aesthetics
    (C)   System design
    (D)   Creative design

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