Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1 Quality control does not apply to- (A) Drawing flow charts
- (B) Drawing control charts
- (C) Driving
- (D) Idea generation
- (E) PTA meetings
2 Strategy implies
- (A) What level of quality the customers want
- (B) What the company has to do to reach its vision
- (C) How competitive we are
- (D) Practices on the shop floor
- (E) Workers can talk to management
3 QFD is the way to
- (A) Fix typing errors
- (B) Fix sampling plans
- (C) Conduct quality circle meetings
- (D) Develop product specs
4 A key reason for lost productivity is
- (A) Not implementing TQM
- (B) Mgmt. not listening to workers
- (C) The hidden factory
5 Most auto accidents are
- (A) Correlated with fuel efficiency
- (B) Caused by chance
- (C) Preventable
- (D) At 6 sigma level
- (E) Caused by bad design
6 A system involves
- (A) Components
- (B) An overall objective or mission
- (C) Humans, procedures, technology
- (D) Environment in which it operates
- (E) All above
7 A process is predictable if
- (A) We can forecast its output
- (B) It is always at the same level
- (C) It has no humans involved
- (D) The data can be plotted on a chart
- (E) The same workers stay employed
8 Range of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is
- (A) 5
- (B) 4
- (C) 3
- (D) 2
- (E) 0
9 The quantity sigma (s) indicates
- (A) Trend in the process
- (B) Dispersion in the data
- (C) Lack of attention by workers
- (D) Average
- (E) Range
10 When you have too many factors on a fish-bone chart, then
- (A) Take top ten
- (B) Take top five
- (C) Inquire to find which factors are suspected to be significant
- (D) Conduct design of experiments
- (E) Talk to customers
11 The word Control implies
- (A) Inspecting every item
- (B) Plotting charts
- (C) Using a signal to adjust the process
- (D) Management by Objectives
- (E) Team control the shop
12 QFD is a method for
- (A) Controlling quality in production
- (B) Controlling quality in restaurants
- (C) Finding out what customer wants
- (D) Translating customer needs to product specs
- (E) Quality circles
13 A Capable Process
- (A) Is never outside control limits
- (B) Meets or exceeds spec requirements
- (C) Has no defects in output
- (D) Has good management support
- (E) Is ISO 9000 certified
14 DOE may fail because
- (A) Control charts are incorrectly drawn
- (B) No team involvement
- (C) A key factor has been left out
- (D) Top management not visible
- (E) Workers overzealous
15 TQM is part of
- (A) Strategic management
- (B) ISO 9000 certification
- (C) QS 9000 certification
- (D) Hospital management
- (E) Project reviews
16 The word target in quality means
- (A) The specification
- (B) The control limits
- (C) Xbar points on the chart
- (D) The ideal quality requirement
- (E) Six sigma production
17 Six sigma requires
- (A) Process knowledge
- (B) An indulging mindset
- (C) Action on causes of defects
- (D) DOE trials
- (E) All above
18 Spec limits are used for
- (A) Talking to workers about quality
- (B) Adjusting control charts
- (C) Finding process capability
- (D) Drawing R charts
- (E) Troubleshooting
19 ISO 9002 requires
- (A) Constantly holding meetings with customers
- (B) Frequent vendor visits
- (C) Getting production and inspection/installation methods certified
- (D) Getting final inspection methods shipshape
- (E) Team deliberations for quality
20 Quality is a problem because
- (A) Modern processes are too complex
- (B) Workers don’t do the job
- (C) It is expensive to control
- (D) All processes have some variation
- (E) Management do not fund projects
21 A Reaction Plan is
- (A) A flow chart
- (B) An afterthought
- (C) A way to produce good products
- (D) A checklist to use when things don’t look right
- (E) A way to check incoming parts
22 The best strategy in quality is
- (A) To inspect the output before shipment
- (B) To aim to produce on target
- (C) To check machines every day
- (D) To keep workers relaxed
- (E) To hold training meetings every week
23 DOE identifies
- (A) Causes of delayed shipments
- (B) Factors that affect the output
- (C) Traffic congestion points
- (D) Control limits
- (E) Why meetings are not running smoothly
24 Interaction implies
- (A) Effect of one factor depends on where some other factor is set
- (B) Managers moving about
- (C) Team meetings
- (D) Xbar and R charts looking similar
- (E) Teamwork
25 Weather variation is difficult to explain because
- (A) Atmosphere is too large a system
- (B) We cannot plot temperature on Xbar charts
- (C) Don’t understand the process behind it
- (D) Experts have not taken trouble to explain weather
- (E) TV channels use graphics
26 Cost of quality is affected by
- (A) Workers’ performance
- (B) Field failures
- (C) Calibration of instruments
- (D) Preventive actions
- (E) All above
27 Quality of education can be impacted by
- (A) Surplus in federal budget
- (B) Sports programs
- (C) Attention to details
- (D) Parents meeting with city officials
- (E) Kids having friends
28 Study methods can be improved by
- (A) Benchmarking
- (B) Improved note taking
- (C) Vacations
- (D) Sitting in the front row
- (E) Buying books
29 Acceptance sampling can be used as ___
- (A) Incoming inspection activity
- (B) Outgoing inspection activity
- (C) Both, incoming and outgoing inspection activity
- (D) Neither incoming nor outgoing inspection activity
30 A good lot can be rejected through the use of acceptance sampling
- (A) TRUE
- (B) FALSE
31 In acceptance sampling, when there is a finite probability that the lot may be accepted even if the quality is not really good, is called
- (A) Consumer’s risk
- (B) Producer’s risk
- (C) Operator’s risk
- (D) Owner’s risk
32 Acceptance sampling is used in
- (A) Job production
- (B) Batch production
- (C) Mass production
- (D) All of these
33 Which of the following statements is/are true for sampling inspection?
- (A) Acceptance sampling does not involve any risk
- (B) Characteristics of the entire lot can be truly specified
- (C) Less fatigue results in less mistakes
- (D) All the above statements are true
34 In acceptance sampling, when there is a finite probability that the lot may be rejected even if the quality is actually good, is called
- (A) Consumer’s risk
- (B) Producer’s risk
- (C) Operator’s risk
- (D) Owner’s risk
35 Sampling distributions tend to be what in shape
- (A) Binomial
- (B) Flat
- (C) Positively skewed
- (D) Normal
36 The mean of sampling distribution is
- (A) Less than mean of process distribution
- (B) More than mean of process distribution
- (C) Equal to mean of process distribution
- (D) Any of the above
37 High cost, low volume items require
- (A) No inspection
- (B) Little inspection
- (C) Intensive inspection
- (D) 100% inspection
38 Low cost, higher volume items require
- (A) No inspection
- (B) Little inspection
- (C) Intensive inspection
- (D) 100% inspection
39 The effort required for modifying an operational program is
- (A) Flexibility
- (B) Maintainability
- (C) Portability
- (D) Reliability
40 Definition of integrity
- (A) Extent to which a program satisfies its specs and fulfils the user’s mission and goals
- (B) Efforts required for leaning, operating, preparing input, interpreting output of a program
- (C) Effort required to couple one system with another
- (D) Extent to which access to software or data by unauthorized persons can be controlled
41 If the process capability index has a value less than 1, we can be comfortable knowing that the process is capable of delivering a quality product
- (A) TRUE
- (B) FALSE
42 Process standard deviation is necessarily equal to the sample standard deviation of the same process
- (A) TRUE
- (B) FALSE
43 If the LSL of the quality characteristic increases, the process capability ratio Cp will ___
- (A) Increase
- (B) Decrease
- (C) Will remain same
- (D) Can’t say (can increase as well as decrease)
44 Process capability ratio is a measure of ___
- (A) The ability of the process to manufacture the products that meet the specifications
- (B) The ability of the operator to remove the variability
- (C) The probability of the mean to be equal to the USL
- (D) The probability of the mean to be equal to the LSL
45 A correct interpretation of the Process capability ratio, Cp does not need the consideration of ____ of process
- (A) Operator
- (B) Mean
- (C) Variance
- (D) Stability
46 Which of these is a necessary assumption made for the calculation of the PCR, Cp?
- (A) The quality characteristic has a normal distribution
- (B) The quality characteristic has a lognormal distribution
- (C) The quality characteristic has an exponential distribution
- (D) The quality characteristic has a Poisson distribution
47 Which of these measures the actual capability of the process?
- (A) Cp
- (B) Cpu
- (C) Cpk
- (D) Cpl
48 Which of these measures the potential capability of the process?
- (A) Cp
- (B) Cpu
- (C) Cpk
- (D) Cpl
49 For any fixed value between LSL and USL, Cpk depends ____ on σ
- (A) Inversely
- (B) Directly
- (C) Negatively
- (D) Positively
50 Which one of the processes performs the best?
- (A) The one which operates near the USL
- (B) The one which operates near the LSL
- (C) The one which operates at the midpoint of the interval between the specifications
- (D) The one which operates outside the specifications
51 If Cp=Cpk which of these is true?
- (A) Process is centered at the LSL of the specifications
- (B) Process is centered at the USL of the specifications
- (C) Process is centered at the midpoint of the specification
- (D) Process is centered at the outside the specification limits
52 Which of these is correct?
- (A) Cpk=min (Cpu, Cp)
- (B) Cpk=min(Cpu, Cpl)
- (C) Cpk=max(Cpu, Cp)
- (D) Cpk=max(Cp, Cpl)
53 Which among the following is type of control chart for variables?
- (A) c chart
- (B) p chart
- (C) x bar chart
- (D) u chart
54 A nonconforming item has at least ___ conformities
- (A) 4
- (B) 3
- (C) 1
- (D) 2
55 The c – control chart is plotted for ____
- (A) Fraction nonconforming
- (B) Number of nonconformities per unit
- (C) Number of defects observed
- (D) Deviation from median of the defects in sample
56 The control chart used for the number of defects per unit is
- (A) Range chart
- (B) Mean chart
- (C) p – chart
- (D) c – chart
57 Sample size of 1 m2 is observed in which type of chart?
- (A) c chart
- (B) p chart
- (C) np chart
- (D) R chart
58 What type of control chart would be used to monitor the number of defects in the output of a process for making rope?
- (A) x-bar chart
- (B) p chart
- (C) c chart
- (D) R chart
59 Which of these is an assumption made for designing a control chart for nonconformities?
- (A) Normal distribution
- (B) Poisson distribution
- (C) Lognormal distribution
- (D) Weibull distribution
60 The control chart used to inspect the process state by using the average number of nonconformities per unit data, is called ____
- (A) u-chart
- (B) c-chart
- (C) p-chart
- (D) R-chart
61 What will be the value of the 3-sigma Upper control limit for the c chart when standard is given?
- (A) UCL = c + 3√c
- (B) UCL = c – √c
- (C) UCL = c + √c
- (D) UCL = c + 2√c
62 Count rate of a defect is defined as _____________
- (A) Defects per unit
- (B) Average number of defects per unit
- (C) Total number of nonconformities
- (D) Occurrence of n defects in N number of units
63 Defectives word has almost same meaning as _____
- (A) Conforming
- (B) Nonconforming
- (C) Non-defective
- (D) Un-conforming
64 Range charts and p-charts both deal with sampling for attributes
- (A) TRUE
- (B) FALSE
65 With the help of which tool we can easily describe the inherent variation in a process?
- (A) Control Chart
- (B) Flow Diagram
- (C) Collecting Data
- (D) Cause and Effect Diagram
66 An irregularity or problem with a larger unit is a (n) ________
- (A) Defect
- (B) Defective
- (C) Flaw
- (D) Mistake
67 A unit that, as a whole, is not acceptable or does not meet performance requirements is a (n) _____
- (A) Defect
- (B) Defective
- (C) Flaw
- (D) Mistake
68 What type of control chart would be used to monitor the number of defectives in the output of a process for making iron castings?
- (A) x-bar chart
- (B) p-control chart
- (C) c-control chart
- (D) R chart
69 In which of the following control chart the control limits will vary from subgroup to subgroup?
- (A) p chart
- (B) x bar – R chart
- (C) np chart
- (D) c chart
70 The control chart used for the fraction of defective items in a sample is
- (A) Range chart
- (B) Mean chart
- (C) p – chart
- (D) c – chart
71 The chart used to monitor attributes is
- (A) Range chart
- (B) Mean chart
- (C) p – chart
- (D) All of the above
72 What type of chart will be used to plot the number of defectives in the output of any process?
- (A) x bar chart
- (B) R chart
- (C) c chart
- (D) p chart
73 The process capability is calculated as
- (A) (USL-LSL)/3σ
- (B) (USL+LSL)/3σ
- (C) (USL-LSL)/6σ
- (D) (USL+LSL)/6σ
74 Process capability calculations take into account the process width and:
- (A) Process standard deviation
- (B) Process dispersion
- (C) Specifications
- (D) Control limits
75 Normal variance in the operation of processes is due to:
- (A) Common Causes
- (B) Special Causes
- (C) Assignable Causes
- (D) External Causes
76 If there are seven data points either above or below the mean, but still within the control limits, what should you do?
- (A) Reject the product
- (B) Find the cause because this means that the process is out of control
- (C) Re-inspect the product
- (D) Ignore it and continue to measure the process
77 Name the tool, which is typically applied to identify shifts in process capability
- (A) Histogram
- (B) Scatter Diagram
- (C) Bar Graph
- (D) Relation diagram
78 A __________________ is a column graph that displays the central tendency, process variability and relative frequency of collected data
- (A) Scatter Diagram
- (B) Bar Diagram
- (C) Histogram
- (D) Pareto Diagram
79 Control limits are ___
- (A) Limits defined by customers
- (B) Limits driven by the natural variability of the process
- (C) Limits driven by the inherent variability of the process
- (D) Statistical limits
80 The natural variability of the process is measured by ______
- (A) Process mean
- (B) Sample standard deviation
- (C) Process standard deviation
- (D) Sample mean
81 Central tendency of a process is monitored in
- (A) Range chart
- (B) Mean chart
- (C) p – chart
- (D) c – Chart
82 The upper control limit defines:
- (A) The highest standard deviation of the process
- (B) The highest level that the process should operate within
- (C) The highest variance of the process
- (D) The highest specification limit that the customer wants
83 Dispersion of a process is monitored in
- (A) Range chart
- (B) Mean chart
- (C) p – chart
- (D) c – chart
84 Which of these is an advantage of variable control chart?
- (A) Numerous quality characteristics considered at a time
- (B) To achieve the information very easily about the mean and variability
- (C) To have analyses of units nonconforming
- (D) To analyze the defects in one unit
85 x bar and R charts are _____ indicators of trouble
- (A) Trailing
- (B) Inferior
- (C) Leading
- (D) Secondary
86 When a change in product specification is desired, which of these control charts should be used?
- (A) p- charts
- (B) x bar and R charts
- (C) c- charts
- (D) u- charts
87 When we want to troubleshoot the out-of-control process, we use____ control charts?
- (A) x bar
- (B) p
- (C) c
- (D) u
88 Quantities that can be numerically measured, can be plotted on a ____ control chart
- (A) x bar
- (B) p chart
- (C) c chart
- (D) np chart
89 A single measureable quality characteristic, such as dimension, weight or volume is called
- (A) Variable
- (B) Attribute
- (C) Variable and an attribute
- (D) Mean and variability
90 A variable quality characteristic will have both ____
- (A) Mean and variability
- (B) Discrete and continuous values
- (C) Zero and infinite values
- (D) One or zero
91 Control of the process average or mean quality level is usually done with _____ control chart
- (A) x bar control chart
- (B) S control chart
- (C) R chart
- (D) p chart
92 x bar chart is a ______
- (A) Attribute control chart
- (B) Variable control chart
- (C) Neither a variable control chart nor an attribute control chart
- (D) Falls in the category of both variable and attribute control charts
93 If a process is said to be in control, what can we say about the variation?
- (A) Random
- (B) Normal
- (C) Attribute
- (D) Assignable
94 Tolerances are said to be _____
- (A) Limits of natural variability
- (B) Statistical limits of variability
- (C) Limits determined by customers of the product
- (D) Limits of inherent process variability
95 The centre line for a x bar chart denotes ____
- (A) Mean of any sample
- (B) Mean of means of the sample
- (C) Mean of any sample + 0.5
- (D) (Mean of any sample) / 0.5
96 Specifications have a same meaning as _____
- (A) Control limits
- (B) UCL
- (C) LCL
- (D) Tolerances
97 The lower control limit for an x bar control chart is lesser than the mean of means of the samples taken
- (A) TRUE
- (B) FALSE
98 Is there any relationship between specification limits and control limits of x bar and R charts?
- (A) Yes, Specification limits = Control limits
- (B) Yes, Control limits=Specification limits/2
- (C) No
- (D) Yes, Control limits*0.5 = Specification limits
99 Pareto chart provides corrective action for high-frequency causes of problems
- (A) FALSE
- (D) TRUE
100 The dividing lines between deviations from mean of the distribution are known as
- (A) Upper control limit
- (B) Lower control limit
- (C) Control limits
- (D) Two sigma limits