Industrial Engineering and Quality Control (IEQ)-2

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1   Quality control does not apply to
    (A)   Drawing flow charts
    (B)   Drawing control charts
    (C)   Driving
    (D)   Idea generation
    (E)   PTA meetings

2   Strategy implies
    (A)   What level of quality the customers want
    (B)   What the company has to do to reach its vision
    (C)   How competitive we are
    (D)   Practices on the shop floor
    (E)   Workers can talk to management

3   QFD is the way to
    (A)   Fix typing errors
    (B)   Fix sampling plans
    (C)   Conduct quality circle meetings
    (D)   Develop product specs

4   A key reason for lost productivity is
    (A)   Not implementing TQM
    (B)   Mgmt. not listening to workers
    (C)   The hidden factory

5   Most auto accidents are
    (A)   Correlated with fuel efficiency
    (B)   Caused by chance
    (C)   Preventable
    (D)   At 6 sigma level
    (E)   Caused by bad design

6   A system involves
    (A)   Components
    (B)   An overall objective or mission
    (C)   Humans, procedures, technology
    (D)   Environment in which it operates
    (E)   All above

7   A process is predictable if
    (A)   We can forecast its output
    (B)   It is always at the same level
    (C)   It has no humans involved
    (D)   The data can be plotted on a chart
    (E)   The same workers stay employed

8   Range of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is
    (A)   5
    (B)   4
    (C)   3
    (D)   2
    (E)   0

9   The quantity sigma (s) indicates
    (A)   Trend in the process
    (B)   Dispersion in the data
    (C)   Lack of attention by workers
    (D)   Average
    (E)   Range

10   When you have too many factors on a fish-bone chart, then
    (A)   Take top ten
    (B)   Take top five
    (C)   Inquire to find which factors are suspected to be significant
    (D)   Conduct design of experiments
    (E)   Talk to customers

11   The word Control implies
    (A)   Inspecting every item
    (B)   Plotting charts
    (C)   Using a signal to adjust the process
    (D)   Management by Objectives
    (E)   Team control the shop

12   QFD is a method for
    (A)   Controlling quality in production
    (B)   Controlling quality in restaurants
    (C)   Finding out what customer wants
    (D)   Translating customer needs to product specs
    (E)   Quality circles

13   A Capable Process
    (A)   Is never outside control limits
    (B)   Meets or exceeds spec requirements
    (C)   Has no defects in output
    (D)   Has good management support
    (E)   Is ISO 9000 certified

14   DOE may fail because
    (A)   Control charts are incorrectly drawn
    (B)   No team involvement
    (C)   A key factor has been left out
    (D)   Top management not visible
    (E)   Workers overzealous

15   TQM is part of
    (A)   Strategic management
    (B)   ISO 9000 certification
    (C)   QS 9000 certification
    (D)   Hospital management
    (E)   Project reviews

16   The word target in quality means
    (A)   The specification
    (B)   The control limits
    (C)   Xbar points on the chart
    (D)   The ideal quality requirement
    (E)   Six sigma production

17   Six sigma requires
    (A)   Process knowledge
    (B)   An indulging mindset
    (C)   Action on causes of defects
    (D)   DOE trials
    (E)   All above

18   Spec limits are used for
    (A)   Talking to workers about quality
    (B)   Adjusting control charts
    (C)   Finding process capability
    (D)   Drawing R charts
    (E)   Troubleshooting

19   ISO 9002 requires
    (A)   Constantly holding meetings with customers
    (B)   Frequent vendor visits
    (C)   Getting production and inspection/installation methods certified
    (D)   Getting final inspection methods shipshape
    (E)   Team deliberations for quality

20   Quality is a problem because
    (A)   Modern processes are too complex
    (B)   Workers don’t do the job
    (C)   It is expensive to control
    (D)   All processes have some variation
    (E)   Management do not fund projects

21   A Reaction Plan is
    (A)   A flow chart
    (B)   An afterthought
    (C)   A way to produce good products
    (D)   A checklist to use when things don’t look right
    (E)   A way to check incoming parts

22   The best strategy in quality is
    (A)   To inspect the output before shipment
    (B)   To aim to produce on target
    (C)   To check machines every day
    (D)   To keep workers relaxed
    (E)   To hold training meetings every week

23   DOE identifies
    (A)   Causes of delayed shipments
    (B)   Factors that affect the output
    (C)   Traffic congestion points
    (D)   Control limits
    (E)   Why meetings are not running smoothly

24   Interaction implies
    (A)   Effect of one factor depends on where some other factor is set
    (B)   Managers moving about
    (C)   Team meetings
    (D)   Xbar and R charts looking similar
    (E)   Teamwork

25   Weather variation is difficult to explain because
    (A)   Atmosphere is too large a system
    (B)   We cannot plot temperature on Xbar charts
    (C)   Don’t understand the process behind it
    (D)   Experts have not taken trouble to explain weather
    (E)   TV channels use graphics

26   Cost of quality is affected by
    (A)   Workers’ performance
    (B)   Field failures
    (C)   Calibration of instruments
    (D)   Preventive actions
    (E)   All above

27   Quality of education can be impacted by
    (A)   Surplus in federal budget
    (B)   Sports programs
    (C)   Attention to details
    (D)   Parents meeting with city officials
    (E)   Kids having friends

28   Study methods can be improved by
    (A)   Benchmarking
    (B)   Improved note taking
    (C)   Vacations
    (D)   Sitting in the front row
    (E)   Buying books

29   Acceptance sampling can be used as ___
    (A)   Incoming inspection activity
    (B)   Outgoing inspection activity
    (C)   Both, incoming and outgoing inspection activity
    (D)   Neither incoming nor outgoing inspection activity

30   A good lot can be rejected through the use of acceptance sampling
    (A)   TRUE
    (B)   FALSE

31   In acceptance sampling, when there is a finite probability that the lot may be accepted even if the quality is not really good, is called
    (A)   Consumer’s risk
    (B)   Producer’s risk
    (C)   Operator’s risk
    (D)   Owner’s risk

32   Acceptance sampling is used in
    (A)   Job production
    (B)   Batch production
    (C)   Mass production
    (D)   All of these

33   Which of the following statements is/are true for sampling inspection?
    (A)   Acceptance sampling does not involve any risk
    (B)   Characteristics of the entire lot can be truly specified
    (C)   Less fatigue results in less mistakes
    (D)   All the above statements are true

34   In acceptance sampling, when there is a finite probability that the lot may be rejected even if the quality is actually good, is called
    (A)   Consumer’s risk
    (B)   Producer’s risk
    (C)   Operator’s risk
    (D)   Owner’s risk

35   Sampling distributions tend to be what in shape
    (A)   Binomial
    (B)   Flat
    (C)   Positively skewed
    (D)   Normal

36   The mean of sampling distribution is
    (A)   Less than mean of process distribution
    (B)   More than mean of process distribution
    (C)   Equal to mean of process distribution
    (D)   Any of the above

37   High cost, low volume items require
    (A)   No inspection
    (B)   Little inspection
    (C)   Intensive inspection
    (D)   100% inspection

38   Low cost, higher volume items require
    (A)   No inspection
    (B)   Little inspection
    (C)   Intensive inspection
    (D)   100% inspection

39   The effort required for modifying an operational program is
    (A)   Flexibility
    (B)   Maintainability
    (C)   Portability
    (D)   Reliability

40   Definition of integrity
    (A)   Extent to which a program satisfies its specs and fulfils the user’s mission and goals
    (B)   Efforts required for leaning, operating, preparing input, interpreting output of a program
    (C)   Effort required to couple one system with another
    (D)   Extent to which access to software or data by unauthorized persons can be controlled

41   If the process capability index has a value less than 1, we can be comfortable knowing that the process is capable of delivering a quality product
    (A)   TRUE
    (B)   FALSE

42   Process standard deviation is necessarily equal to the sample standard deviation of the same process
    (A)   TRUE
    (B)   FALSE

43   If the LSL of the quality characteristic increases, the process capability ratio Cp will ___
    (A)   Increase
    (B)   Decrease
    (C)   Will remain same
    (D)   Can’t say (can increase as well as decrease)

44   Process capability ratio is a measure of ___
    (A)   The ability of the process to manufacture the products that meet the specifications
    (B)   The ability of the operator to remove the variability
    (C)   The probability of the mean to be equal to the USL
    (D)   The probability of the mean to be equal to the LSL

45   A correct interpretation of the Process capability ratio, Cp does not need the consideration of ____ of process
    (A)   Operator
    (B)   Mean
    (C)   Variance
    (D)   Stability

46   Which of these is a necessary assumption made for the calculation of the PCR, Cp?
    (A)   The quality characteristic has a normal distribution
    (B)   The quality characteristic has a lognormal distribution
    (C)   The quality characteristic has an exponential distribution
    (D)   The quality characteristic has a Poisson distribution

47   Which of these measures the actual capability of the process?
    (A)   Cp
    (B)   Cpu
    (C)   Cpk
    (D)   Cpl

48   Which of these measures the potential capability of the process?
    (A)   Cp
    (B)   Cpu
    (C)   Cpk
    (D)   Cpl

49   For any fixed value between LSL and USL, Cpk depends ____ on σ
    (A)   Inversely
    (B)   Directly
    (C)   Negatively
    (D)   Positively

50   Which one of the processes performs the best?
    (A)   The one which operates near the USL
    (B)   The one which operates near the LSL
    (C)   The one which operates at the midpoint of the interval between the specifications
    (D)   The one which operates outside the specifications

51   If Cp=Cpk which of these is true?
    (A)   Process is centered at the LSL of the specifications
    (B)   Process is centered at the USL of the specifications
    (C)   Process is centered at the midpoint of the specification
    (D)   Process is centered at the outside the specification limits

52   Which of these is correct?
    (A)   Cpk=min⁡ (Cpu, Cp)
    (B)   Cpk=min⁡(Cpu, Cpl)
    (C)   Cpk=max⁡(Cpu, Cp)
    (D)   Cpk=max⁡(Cp, Cpl)

53   Which among the following is type of control chart for variables?
    (A)   c chart
    (B)   p chart
    (C)   x bar chart
    (D)   u chart

54   A nonconforming item has at least ___ conformities
    (A)   4
    (B)   3
    (C)   1
    (D)   2

55   The c – control chart is plotted for ____
    (A)   Fraction nonconforming
    (B)   Number of nonconformities per unit
    (C)   Number of defects observed
    (D)   Deviation from median of the defects in sample

56   The control chart used for the number of defects per unit is
    (A)   Range chart
    (B)   Mean chart
    (C)   p – chart
    (D)   c – chart

57   Sample size of 1 m2 is observed in which type of chart?
    (A)   c chart
    (B)   p chart
    (C)   np chart
    (D)   R chart

58   What type of control chart would be used to monitor the number of defects in the output of a process for making rope?
    (A)   x-bar chart
    (B)   p chart
    (C)   c chart
    (D)   R chart

59   Which of these is an assumption made for designing a control chart for nonconformities?
    (A)   Normal distribution
    (B)   Poisson distribution
    (C)   Lognormal distribution
    (D)   Weibull distribution

60   The control chart used to inspect the process state by using the average number of nonconformities per unit data, is called ____
    (A)   u-chart
    (B)   c-chart
    (C)   p-chart
    (D)   R-chart

61   What will be the value of the 3-sigma Upper control limit for the c chart when standard is given?
    (A)   UCL = c + 3√c
    (B)   UCL = c – √c
    (C)   UCL = c + √c
    (D)   UCL = c + 2√c

62   Count rate of a defect is defined as _____________
    (A)   Defects per unit
    (B)   Average number of defects per unit
    (C)   Total number of nonconformities
    (D)   Occurrence of n defects in N number of units

63   Defectives word has almost same meaning as _____
    (A)   Conforming
    (B)   Nonconforming
    (C)   Non-defective
    (D)   Un-conforming

64   Range charts and p-charts both deal with sampling for attributes
    (A)   TRUE
    (B)   FALSE

65   With the help of which tool we can easily describe the inherent variation in a process?
    (A)   Control Chart
    (B)   Flow Diagram
    (C)   Collecting Data
    (D)   Cause and Effect Diagram

66   An irregularity or problem with a larger unit is a (n) ________
    (A)   Defect
    (B)   Defective
    (C)   Flaw
    (D)   Mistake

67   A unit that, as a whole, is not acceptable or does not meet performance requirements is a (n) _____
    (A)   Defect
    (B)   Defective
    (C)   Flaw
    (D)   Mistake

68   What type of control chart would be used to monitor the number of defectives in the output of a process for making iron castings?
    (A)   x-bar chart
    (B)   p-control chart
    (C)   c-control chart
    (D)   R chart

69   In which of the following control chart the control limits will vary from subgroup to subgroup?
    (A)   p chart
    (B)   x bar – R chart
    (C)   np chart
    (D)   c chart

70   The control chart used for the fraction of defective items in a sample is
    (A)   Range chart
    (B)   Mean chart
    (C)   p – chart
    (D)   c – chart

71   The chart used to monitor attributes is
    (A)   Range chart
    (B)   Mean chart
    (C)   p – chart
    (D)   All of the above

72   What type of chart will be used to plot the number of defectives in the output of any process?
    (A)   x bar chart
    (B)   R chart
    (C)   c chart
    (D)   p chart

73   The process capability is calculated as
    (A)   (USL-LSL)/3σ
    (B)   (USL+LSL)/3σ
    (C)   (USL-LSL)/6σ
    (D)   (USL+LSL)/6σ

74   Process capability calculations take into account the process width and:
    (A)   Process standard deviation
    (B)   Process dispersion
    (C)   Specifications
    (D)   Control limits

75   Normal variance in the operation of processes is due to:
    (A)   Common Causes
    (B)   Special Causes
    (C)   Assignable Causes
    (D)   External Causes

76   If there are seven data points either above or below the mean, but still within the control limits, what should you do?
    (A)   Reject the product
    (B)   Find the cause because this means that the process is out of control
    (C)   Re-inspect the product
    (D)   Ignore it and continue to measure the process

77   Name the tool, which is typically applied to identify shifts in process capability
    (A)   Histogram
    (B)   Scatter Diagram
    (C)   Bar Graph
    (D)   Relation diagram

78   A __________________ is a column graph that displays the central tendency, process variability and relative frequency of collected data
    (A)   Scatter Diagram
    (B)   Bar Diagram
    (C)   Histogram
    (D)   Pareto Diagram

79   Control limits are ___
    (A)   Limits defined by customers
    (B)   Limits driven by the natural variability of the process
    (C)   Limits driven by the inherent variability of the process
    (D)   Statistical limits

80   The natural variability of the process is measured by ______
    (A)   Process mean
    (B)   Sample standard deviation
    (C)   Process standard deviation
    (D)   Sample mean

81   Central tendency of a process is monitored in
    (A)   Range chart
    (B)   Mean chart
    (C)   p – chart
    (D)   c – Chart

82   The upper control limit defines:
    (A)   The highest standard deviation of the process
    (B)   The highest level that the process should operate within
    (C)   The highest variance of the process
    (D)   The highest specification limit that the customer wants

83   Dispersion of a process is monitored in
    (A)   Range chart
    (B)   Mean chart
    (C)   p – chart
    (D)   c – chart

84   Which of these is an advantage of variable control chart?
    (A)   Numerous quality characteristics considered at a time
    (B)   To achieve the information very easily about the mean and variability
    (C)   To have analyses of units nonconforming
    (D)   To analyze the defects in one unit

85   x bar and R charts are _____ indicators of trouble
    (A)   Trailing
    (B)   Inferior
    (C)   Leading
    (D)   Secondary

86   When a change in product specification is desired, which of these control charts should be used?
    (A)   p- charts
    (B)   x bar and R charts
    (C)   c- charts
    (D)   u- charts

87   When we want to troubleshoot the out-of-control process, we use____ control charts?
    (A)   x bar
    (B)   p
    (C)   c
    (D)   u

88   Quantities that can be numerically measured, can be plotted on a ____ control chart
    (A)   x bar
    (B)   p chart
    (C)   c chart
    (D)   np chart

89   A single measureable quality characteristic, such as dimension, weight or volume is called
    (A)   Variable
    (B)   Attribute
    (C)   Variable and an attribute
    (D)   Mean and variability

90   A variable quality characteristic will have both ____
    (A)   Mean and variability
    (B)   Discrete and continuous values
    (C)   Zero and infinite values
    (D)   One or zero

91   Control of the process average or mean quality level is usually done with _____ control chart
    (A)   x bar control chart
    (B)   S control chart
    (C)   R chart
    (D)   p chart

92   x bar chart is a ______
    (A)   Attribute control chart
    (B)   Variable control chart
    (C)   Neither a variable control chart nor an attribute control chart
    (D)   Falls in the category of both variable and attribute control charts

93   If a process is said to be in control, what can we say about the variation?
    (A)   Random
    (B)   Normal
    (C)   Attribute
    (D)   Assignable

94   Tolerances are said to be _____
    (A)   Limits of natural variability
    (B)   Statistical limits of variability
    (C)   Limits determined by customers of the product
    (D)   Limits of inherent process variability

95   The centre line for a x bar chart denotes ____
    (A)   Mean of any sample
    (B)   Mean of means of the sample
    (C)   Mean of any sample + 0.5
    (D)   (Mean of any sample) / 0.5

96   Specifications have a same meaning as _____
    (A)   Control limits
    (B)   UCL
    (C)   LCL
    (D)   Tolerances

97   The lower control limit for an x bar control chart is lesser than the mean of means of the samples taken
    (A)   TRUE
    (B)   FALSE

98   Is there any relationship between specification limits and control limits of x bar and R charts?
    (A)   Yes, Specification limits = Control limits
    (B)   Yes, Control limits=Specification limits/2
    (C)   No
    (D)   Yes, Control limits*0.5 = Specification limits

99   Pareto chart provides corrective action for high-frequency causes of problems
    (A)   FALSE
    (D)   TRUE

100   The dividing lines between deviations from mean of the distribution are known as
    (A)   Upper control limit
    (B)   Lower control limit
    (C)   Control limits
    (D)   Two sigma limits

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